One of the most exciting moments for a new cosmetologist or barber is purchasing their first set of upgraded professional shears. However, overwhelming choices stacked up with all the advice and warnings we've received can make it hard to decide what to get! 

In this article, we'll examine some key elements to consider and what choices may be best.

Steel

Japanese steel has become the industry standard in professional haircutting scissors. It is known for its peerless purity and hardness. It is rare to find a professional haircutting scissor made with anything else. However, steel is very much like cake flour - it is an essential component, but it's not the only ingredient in the cake. Each respective manufacturer manipulates the steel using their own methods to create their own unique results. Steel type alone is not the absolute criterion.

For the working haircutter, it may be more practical to focus on hardness, specifically the Rockwell Hardness Scale - an industrial rating system for metals. Most professional scissors will advertise their Rockwell Hardness rating - the better metals start around 58HRC, with the highest quality rating around 63HRC. These harder alloys stay sharper longer, sharpen more easily, and resist corrosion better. For example, the Sam Villa Essential Series Shear has a hardness rating of 58-60HRC, while their premium shear, The Artist Series Shear, rates at 60-61HRC.

Handle Configuration & Blade Length

There is loads of advice out there about what length of blade is best for our individual hand, and we've all been confused by the myriads of methods to measure our palms and relate that to scissors somehow. Ultimately it comes down to how the scissor is designed and how it feels in our hand. Not every shear is for everyone.

Handle configuration is probably the most important element to consider first. How the thumb ring and opposing finger ring are oriented can make or break our love for a scissor.

• Symmetrical Thumb: Very traditional design. The thumb and finger rings are set equally. Originally, haircutters would use their thumb and middle finger when holding this design.

• Offset Thumb: There are many variations of this design: semi-offset, off-set, crane, etc. Essentially the thumb ring is set forward from the finger ring to some degree, reducing strain on the hand.

• Forward-Set Thumb: The most ergonomic design, setting the thumb ring forward to align the thumb's movement with the index finger - dramatically reducing hand and wrist strain. This design is very helpful when working with longer blades, as it provides an exceptionally balanced grip.

Additionally, wise use of ring spacers will customize the "fit" of our shear to our hand. Often, without these spacers, the rings are too big for our fingers. This causes us to unknowingly grip the shear improperly, which adds strain to our hands as well as the scissor.

If the handle feels comfortable and fits correctly, blade length becomes a functional decision. Shorter blades are nimbler and often favored by haircutters who work with very disciplined sectioning. Longer blades can be helpful in shear-over-comb techniques or when cutting large, condensed sections of hair. Again, it is a matter of personal taste.

Blade Types and Shapes

Today’s professional haircutting shears usually feature hollow-ground blades - also called “convex”. Metal is removed from the inside of the blade, isolating the contact area to the edge (ride line). This method lightens the weight of the scissor and reduces metal-on-metal contact between the blades. 

The “convex” blade is now considered the professional standard for haircutting scissors - the previous being a beveled blade, which are today found in basic scissors such as traditional barber scissors, household scissors, fabric shears, etc.

• Wet-Cutting Blades - Wet hair is less resistant to being cut. Ergo, ALL professional haircutting shears can be called “wet-cutting” scissors. As this is obvious, most manufacturers do not feel the need to advertise it. Most modern  scissors are hard enough to cut wet or dry hair. Occasionally a scissor may be labeled specifically for wet cutting - if so, be sure to check the Rockwell rating as it might be a softer metal designed only for wet hair. A softer blade will lose its edge faster if used for dry cutting, which requires more force. As a rule, however, most professional shears can be safely and effectively used on wet and dry hair.

• Dry-Cutting Blades - Dry-cutting shears are often labeled so because they are specially designed with features to increase the strength of the shear - allowing it to move more efficiently through wet hair, resistant dry hair, and work with larger sections. They generally feature broader, beefier blades, occasionally with a harder Rockwell rating. Some feature specialized blade designs, such as the “sword” blade, to add even more rigidity and strength, like the Sam Villa Signature Series Dry Cutting Shear.

• Slide-Cutting Blades - Not ideal for general-purpose cutting, these blades are highly specific and are designed to curve away from each other as they close. This results in a slight “push” as the blades come together, which allows some hair to escape the cut. This “soft cut” makes them ideal for texturizing techniques which work from the interior of the hair, such as slide-cutting, channel-cutting, and any time softer ends are desired. Although often labeled as “dry-cutting” shears, slide-cutting scissors may be used on wet and dry hair.

• Blending Shears/Texturizing Shears - These types of shears come in an overwhelming amount of choice and variation! Instead of two straight blades, these shears feature one cutting blade and a toothed blade. These shears are designed to remove a percentage of the hair, which makes them ideal for taking out unwanted bulk from a section or to blend away weight lines.

• “Blending” shears usually will feature 23-40 fine teeth with narrow spacing between. They produce softer results in the hair and are ideal for everyday work. Generally, the more teeth the blending shear has, the more hair it will remove, the Sam Villa Signature Series Reversible Blending Shear is a good example, it has 42 teeth.

• “Texturizing” shears create bolder results and are designed to leave noticeable negative space within a section. They have less teeth (typically between 5 and 20) and they are spaced farther apart. The teeth themselves are usually broader, with grooves or serrations on the tips to capture the hair when it gets cut. The wide spacing between the teeth results in “channels” or grooves being cut into the section, sometimes called “The Castle Wall Effect.”

Choosing the best tools is often a journey, as our cutting style and taste will evolve over time. However, having a better understanding of scissors will help us make the best decisions. That first major upgrade is so exciting, and with so many choices to make…due diligence pays off!

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